If you suspect that your SQL Server instance is having Disk I/O issues, these queries can help furnish proof that you are under I/O pressure, and they can help pinpoint what is causing the problem.
Before you run determine that you have I/O issues, please verify that by running Top Wait Stats rollup query.
-- Always look at Avg Disk Sec/Read and Avg Disk Sec/Write in PerfMon for each Physical Disk
-- Check for IO Bottlenecks (run multiple times, look for values above zero)
SELECT cpu_id, pending_disk_io_count
FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers
WHERE [status] = 'VISIBLE ONLINE';
-- Look at average for all schedulers (run multiple times, look for values above zero)
SELECT AVG(pending_disk_io_count) AS [AvgPendingDiskIOCount]
FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers
WHERE [status] = 'VISIBLE ONLINE';
-- High Latch waits (SH and EX) indicates the I/O subsystem is too busy
-- the wait time indicates time waiting for disk
SELECT wait_type, waiting_tasks_count, wait_time_ms, signal_wait_time_ms,
wait_time_ms - signal_wait_time_ms AS [io_wait_time_ms]
FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats
WHERE wait_type IN('PAGEIOLATCH_EX', 'PAGEIOLATCH_SH', 'PAGEIOLATCH_UP')
ORDER BY wait_type;
-- Analyze Database I/O, ranked by IO Stall%
WITH DBIO AS
(SELECT DB_NAME(IVFS.database_id) AS db,
CASE WHEN MF.type = 1 THEN 'log' ELSE 'data' END AS file_type,
SUM(IVFS.num_of_bytes_read + IVFS.num_of_bytes_written) AS io,
SUM(IVFS.io_stall) AS io_stall
FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(NULL, NULL) AS IVFS
INNER JOIN sys.master_files AS MF
ON IVFS.database_id = MF.database_id
AND IVFS.file_id = MF.file_id
GROUP BY DB_NAME(IVFS.database_id), MF.[type])
SELECT db, file_type,
CAST(1. * io / (1024 * 1024) AS DECIMAL(12, 2)) AS io_mb,
CAST(io_stall / 1000. AS DECIMAL(12, 2)) AS io_stall_s,
CAST(100. * io_stall / SUM(io_stall) OVER()
AS DECIMAL(10, 2)) AS io_stall_pct,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY io_stall DESC) AS rn
FROM DBIO
ORDER BY io_stall DESC;
-- Average stalls per read, write and total
SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS [Database Name], file_id, io_stall_read_ms, num_of_reads,
CAST(io_stall_read_ms/(1.0+num_of_reads) AS numeric(10,1)) AS [avg_read_stall_ms],
io_stall_write_ms, num_of_writes,
CAST(io_stall_write_ms/(1.0+num_of_writes) AS numeric(10,1)) AS [avg_write_stall_ms],
io_stall_read_ms + io_stall_write_ms AS io_stalls,
num_of_reads + num_of_writes AS total_io,
CAST((io_stall_read_ms+io_stall_write_ms)/(1.0+num_of_reads + num_of_writes)
AS numeric(10,1)) AS [avg_io_stall_ms]
FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(null,null)
ORDER BY avg_io_stall_ms DESC;
-- Calculates average stalls per read, per write, and per total input/output for each database file.
SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS [Database Name], file_id ,io_stall_read_ms, num_of_reads,
CAST(io_stall_read_ms/(1.0 + num_of_reads) AS NUMERIC(10,1)) AS [avg_read_stall_ms],io_stall_write_ms,
num_of_writes,CAST(io_stall_write_ms/(1.0+num_of_writes) AS NUMERIC(10,1)) AS [avg_write_stall_ms],
io_stall_read_ms + io_stall_write_ms AS [io_stalls], num_of_reads + num_of_writes AS [total_io],
CAST((io_stall_read_ms + io_stall_write_ms)/(1.0 + num_of_reads + num_of_writes) AS NUMERIC(10,1))
AS [avg_io_stall_ms]
FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(null,null)
ORDER BY avg_io_stall_ms DESC;
-- Which queries are causing the most IO operations (can take a few seconds)
SELECT TOP (20) total_logical_reads/execution_count AS [avg_logical_reads],
total_logical_writes/execution_count AS [avg_logical_writes],
total_worker_time/execution_count AS [avg_cpu_cost], execution_count,
total_worker_time, total_logical_reads, total_logical_writes,
(SELECT DB_NAME(dbid) + ISNULL('..' + OBJECT_NAME(objectid), '')
FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text([sql_handle])) AS query_database,
(SELECT SUBSTRING(est.[text], statement_start_offset/2 + 1,
(CASE WHEN statement_end_offset = -1
THEN LEN(CONVERT(nvarchar(max), est.[text])) * 2
ELSE statement_end_offset
END - statement_start_offset
) / 2)
FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) AS est) AS query_text,
last_logical_reads, min_logical_reads, max_logical_reads,
last_logical_writes, min_logical_writes, max_logical_writes,
total_physical_reads, last_physical_reads, min_physical_reads, max_physical_reads,
(total_logical_reads + (total_logical_writes * 5))/execution_count AS io_weighting,
plan_generation_num, qp.query_plan
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats
OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan([plan_handle]) AS qp
WHERE [dbid] >= 5 AND (total_worker_time/execution_count) > 100
ORDER BY io_weighting DESC;
-- Top Cached SPs By Total Physical Reads (SQL 2008). Physical reads relate to disk I/O pressure
SELECT TOP(25) p.name AS [SP Name],
qs.total_physical_reads AS [TotalPhysicalReads], qs.total_physical_reads/qs.execution_count AS [AvgPhysicalReads],
ISNULL(qs.execution_count/DATEDIFF(Second, qs.cached_time, GETDATE()), 0) AS [Calls/Second],
qs.total_logical_reads AS [TotalLogicalReads], qs.total_logical_reads/qs.execution_count AS [AvgLogicalReads],
qs.total_worker_time AS [TotalWorkerTime], qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count AS [AvgWorkerTime],
qs.execution_count,
qs.total_elapsed_time, qs.total_elapsed_time/qs.execution_count AS [avg_elapsed_time], qs.last_elapsed_time,
qs.cached_time
FROM sys.procedures AS p
INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats AS qs
ON p.[object_id] = qs.[object_id]
WHERE qs.database_id = DB_ID()
ORDER BY qs.total_physical_reads DESC;
-- Top Cached SPs By Total Logical Writes (SQL 2008). Logical writes relate to both memory and disk I/O pressure
SELECT TOP(25) p.name AS [SP Name],
qs.total_logical_writes AS [TotalLogicalWrites], qs.total_logical_writes/qs.execution_count AS [AvgLogicalWrites],
ISNULL(qs.execution_count/DATEDIFF(Second, qs.cached_time, GETDATE()), 0) AS [Calls/Second],
qs.total_logical_reads AS [TotalLogicalReads], qs.total_logical_reads/qs.execution_count AS [AvgLogicalReads],
qs.total_worker_time AS [TotalWorkerTime], qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count AS [AvgWorkerTime],
qs.execution_count,
qs.total_elapsed_time, qs.total_elapsed_time/qs.execution_count AS [avg_elapsed_time], qs.last_elapsed_time,
qs.cached_time
FROM sys.procedures AS p
INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats AS qs
ON p.[object_id] = qs.[object_id]
WHERE qs.database_id = DB_ID()
ORDER BY qs.total_logical_writes DESC;
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